like simple circuits which use resistors transistors ,ICs etc

I've been searching for a good website that will teach me to build circuits. I'm hoping for something hands on with a few beginner circuit projects.

On some circuits like music toys, remote controls, … etc

whats the black subctance on the circuit and what's under it?

Hi, I want to build a simple electronic circuit for a college project.
It should be analog or mixed (not entirely a digital circuit).
It must be simple and fast to build but not as simple as an op-amp voltage comparator.
It must work!!! Especially at the exam time.
I want the circuit diagram and component numbers of the circuit, along with tips, a photo of the circuit maybe, ….
Please, suggest one such circuit, and don't tell me about electronics sites where I can search for circuits

Small circuits (with 3/4 xstrs, 1/2 chips, but not expensive ! ) , interesting, useful …

I need to make a series of circuit, each made up of a relay and a capacitor.

At the local electronic store, I only found only circuit board which is already leaded in series of connected lines (horizontally).

I need a circuit board of only holes with single lead so that I could arrange the circuits ( 1 relay and 1 capacitor) in linear form, side by side and the terminals of the relays and capacitors won't short circuit.

Is there such a circuit board? What do people call it then?

I've had a few ideas over the years to build a ciruit to detect a current on one circuit and then trigger a relay on a second circuit. I know this involves using a transistor, but I don't know much else about electronics.
Where can find simple plans on how to build such a circuit?
How can I adapt it for different uses (detect different voltages on different circuits)?