I have a little wiring problem I discovered on my 91 Ranger. It has the 2.3L engine with the dual spark system and DIS. This wire (see pictures) is bare all the way and is wrapped to one of the DIS plug wires with foil. The particular wire is Orange/red (i think) and is the ignition ground wire, and goes into pin # 7 on the bottom of the DIS. The bottom plug was replaced by someone before I bought the truck, and I was wondering if this bare wire is supposed to be in the connector with the orange/red wire (as in they both go together onto the same pin). Ive tried pushing it up against a regular ground on the engine and nothing changed with the truck running, which leads me to believe this is not an average grounding situation? Does anyone know if this is supposed to be together with the ignition ground wire on the DIS? Does anyone have any knowledge of this system or this truck? Any insight or pictures of your "correct" setup would be appreciated.

My tach doesn’t read the correct rpms either. It reads a lot lower than it should. I wonder if this bare wire being disconnected from something would be causing that. The truck runs perfect, its just the signal to the tach isnt right. Ive already tried swapping out the tach itself, so that is good.

I also got KOEO codes as the check engine light is on because of the tach and came up with a code 18-Erratic TACH signal, and 88-Electronic Ignition – IDM, DPI or spout circuit fault

Thanks for any help in advance…

http://i738.photobucket.com/albums/xx27/3xrangers/DSCN0066.jpg

http://i738.photobucket.com/albums/xx27/3xrangers/DSCN0065.jpg

http://i738.photobucket.com/albums/xx27/3xrangers/DSCN0064.jpg

http://i738.photobucket.com/albums/xx27/3xrangers/DSCN0063.jpg

http://i738.photobucket.com/albums/xx27/3xrangers/DSCN0059.jpg

Dont know why above links dont work.

http://s738.photobucket.com/albums/xx27/3xrangers/91%20Ford%20Ranger/

Also should say that bare wire and foil is factory original, not added

1. When electric current is flowing in a circuit, if the voltage applied to the circuit is increased,

A. the resistance will increase.
B. the current will increase.
C. the resistance will decrease.
D. the current will decrease.

2. Which of the following information sources will not be directly affected by the Telecommunications Act of 1996?

A. Telephone services
B. The Internet
C. Newspaper publishing
D. Cable television

3. Porcelain, paper, glass, and rubber are all examples of electrical

A. conductors.
B. batteries.
C. insulators.
D. grounds.

4. A testing instrument that an electronics technician will connect to selected points inside a piece of electronic equipment and measure electrical values such as ohms, volts, and amperes is called

A. a signal generator.
B. a power supply.
C. an oscilloscope.
D. a multimeter.

1. A 24V DC MOTOR READS 10 MEG-OHMS BETWEEN ONE OF THE POWER TERMINALS AND THE CASE OF THE MOTOR. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CORRECT?
a. This is a normal condition
b. This motor is shorted
c. The motor is grounded
d. The motor fields are open

2. WHAT FUNCTION DOES A DIODE PERFORM?
a.Allows flow only when gated on
b.Allow flow in only one direction
c.Opposes changes in voltage
d.Opposes changes in current

3. A SPOTLIGHT KIT FOR OFF ROAD VEHICLES INCLUDES LIGHTS, FUSE, WIRING, SWITCH, AND RELAY. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE RELAY?
a.To limit the length of the power circuit wiring
b.To provide flexible wiring options
c.To accommodate the high current requirements
d.None of the above

4. A DIODE IS SUSPECTED TO BE BAD. IF IT IS SHORTED, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS PROPERLY DESCRIBES THE METER READINGS?
a.High resistance in both directions
b.Low resistance in both directions
c.Low resistance in one direction
d.None of the above

5. GEAR ‘X’ HAS 50 TEETH AND TURNS 100 RPM CW. GEAR “Y” HAS 25 TEETH AND MESHES DIRECTLY WITH GEAR “X”. WHICH IS TRUE OF THE MOTION OF GEAR “Y”?
a.”Y” turns 50 RPM CW
b.”Y” turns 50 RPM CCW
c.”Y” turns 200 RPM CW
d.”Y” turns 200 RPM CCW

6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A PRECISION INSTRUMENT?
a.Strap Wrench
b.Box Wrench
c.Torque Wrench
d.Combination Wrench

7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TASKS REQUIRES THE USE OF AN EASY-OUT EXTRACTOR?
a.Remove pins from electrical connectors
b.Remove broken bolts
c.Remove bearings
d.Remove seals

8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SCREWDRIVERS IS DESIGNED FOR USE IN CONFINED AREAS THAT CANNOT BE ACCESSED WITH A STANDARD SCREWDRIVER?
a.Cross Tip
b.Hex Bit
c.Cross Point
d.Offset

9. WHAT FUNCTION DOES A HYDRAULIC CHECK VALVE PERFORM?
a.Allows flow only in one direction
b.Regulates pressure
c.Provides a connection for a pressure gauge
d.Provides a way to view oil level

10. THE ON/OFF SWITCH IS TURNED TO THE ‘OFF’ POSITION IN A PROPERLY FUNCTIONING SIMPLE SERIES CIRCUIT. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE CIRCUIT CONDITION?
a.Shorted
b.Closed
c.Partially Open
d.Open

I’m trying to build my first electronic circuit, and I have a couple questions about it.

In this circuit:

http://img242.imageshack.us/my.php?image=fs9pv77fjd365×2mediumqa4.jpg

is the ground just a path back to the negative pole of the 9v battery? If so, does it matter the order in which I connect the grounds back to the negative pole? If not, what exactly is it?

My google research made it sound like people use the term ground ambiguously.

Thanks

1. If the current through a heater coil is 5 amp and the supply voltage is 120 volts, the coil resistance is
A. 0.04 ohm.
B. 24 ohms.
C. 110 ohms.
D. 575 ohms.

2. The amount of current flowing in a circuit can be measured by
A. an ammeter.
B. a voltmeter.
C. a neon test lamp.
D. an ohmmeter.

3. Which one of the following letters is used in formulas as the symbol for voltage?
A. P
B. W
C. I
D. E

4. The conductors in electrical devices are commonly made of
A. iron.
B. nickel.
C. copper.
D. lead.

5. The energy used by an appliance which operates at 240 volts at 15 amp for 4 hr. is
A. 0.92 kwhr.
B. 3.45 kwhr.
C. 14.4 kwhr.
D. 60.0 kwhr.

6. What is the voltage in a circuit with a resistance of 12 ohms and a current of 20 amp?
A. 0.58 volt
B. 1.74 volts
C. 120 volts
D. 240 volts

7. If an appliance does NOT work at all when you plug it in and turn the switch on, the appliance circuit is
A. shorted.
B. overloaded.
C. leaking.
D. open.

8. To read the line voltage supplied to an appliance, you should connect the voltmeter
A. in series with the power supply.
B. between the grounded wire and the water pipe.
C. across the power supply.
D. between terminals of two adjacent circuit parts.

9. The best method for testing the continuity of each part of an appliance uses
A. a voltmeter.
B. an ammeter.
C. an ohmmeter.
D. a wattmeter.

10. A 2000-watt heater connected to a 120-volt circuit will draw a current of
A. 5.75 amp.
B. 15 amp.
C. 16.67 amp.
D. 23 amp.

11. What type of fault causes an appliance to blow a fuse when the appliance is turned on?
A. An open circuit
B. Too much resistance
C. A short circuit
D. Too high a voltage

12. Which one of the following conditions is unfavorable for the use of an ohmmeter?
A. Voltage is supplied to the appliance
B. The appliance is grounded
C. Moisture is in the insulation
D. The appliance circuit is shorted

13. A series circuit in an appliance consists of
A. several branches carrying independent currents.
B. more than one part connected across the same terminals.
C. several parts connected end to end.
D. more than one path carrying the current.

14. Which one of the following components is used to change an AC voltage to a lower or higher value?
A. Transistor
B. Transformer
C. Capacitor
D. Resistor

15. A full-wave bridge rectifier uses how many diodes?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

16. An NPN transistor is correctly biased and turned on if the
A. base is negative.
B. collector is negative.
C. collector is positive with respect to the emitter and negative with respect to the base.
D. collector is the most positive lead followed by the base.

17. When an SCR turns ON, it acts like a(n)
A. transistor.
B. resistor and capacitor in series.
C. electronic switch and rectifier.
D. bridge rectifier.

18. Which one of the following IC digital gates requires a high on both inputs to output a high?
A. AND
B. OR
C. NAND
D. NOR

19. Which one of the following IC gates will have a low output if either of the inputs are high?
A. Buffer
B. NAND
C. NOR
D. OR

20. A microprocessor runs an internal program called a(n)
A. operating system.
B. scratchpad memory.
C. instruction chain.
D. PAL.

21. A resistor with the color bands brown, red, red and silver will have a resistance of
A. 120 ohms.
B. 1,200 ohms.
C. 2,100 ohms.
D. 6,400 ohms.

22. What type of diagram chart in a service manual can be used to easily service an electronic circuit board with ICs?
A. Exploded
B. Flowchart
C. Assembly
D. Pictorial

23. An LED display device uses how many segments to create the number 8?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Seven
D. Eight

24. When testing transistors, how much minimum voltage difference should be seen across the base-emitter junction?
A. 0.1 VDC
B. 0.4 VDC
C. 0.6 VDC
D. 0.9 VDC

25. When you are forward-bias testing a diode with a digital VOM, the red test lead should be placed on which lead of the diode?
A. Anode
B. Cathode
C. Emitter
D. Drain

2. Where are the breaker points and condenser connected in an ignition system?
A. Between the battery and the primary winding of the ignition coil
B. Between the battery and the secondary winding of the ignition coil
C. Between the primary winding of the ignition coil and ground
D. Between the secondary winding of the ignition coil and ground

3. The flow of electrons in a circuit is called
A. voltage.
B. current.
C. EMF.
D. resistance.

4. Which of the following instruments should be used to perform ignition timing on a running engine?
A. A wire gage
B. A feeler gage
C. A timing light
D. A dial indicator

5. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. An electron is much larger than an atom.
B. An electron has a neutral electrical charge.
C. An electron is located in the nucleus of an atom.
D. An electron has a negative electrical charge.

6. Which one of the following letters is used as an abbreviation for electric current?
A. E
B. R
C. C
D. A

7. One milliampere is equal to
A. 0.000001 ampere.
B. 0.001 ampere.
C. 1,000 amperes.
D. 1,000,000 amperes.

8. In a nonelectronic small engine ignition system, which of the following ignition components is energized by the power source first?
A. breaker points.
B. primary winding of the ignition coil.
C. spark plug.
D. secondary winding of the ignition coil.

9. You need to adjust the gap of a spark plug. To do this, you would
A. gently tap on the terminal nut of the spark plug with a hammer.
B. unscrew the center insulator with a spark plug socket wrench.
C. carefully bend the grounding electrode.
D. pull on the center electrode with a longnose pliers.

10. In a capacitor discharge ignition system, which one of the following components performs the same job that the breaker points do in a non-electronic ignition system?
A. A trigger coil
B. A charging coil
C. A diode
D. A capacitor

11. In electrical work, the symbol W is used to indicate
A. voltage.
B. resistance.
C. current.
D. electromagnetic force.

12. The function of the condenser in a breaker points ignition system is to
A. delay the opening of the points.
B. advance the engine timing at high rpm.
C. induce a voltage in the primary coil.
D. prevent electricity from arcing across the points.

13. Which of the following statements about the transformer in a small engine ignition system is correct?
A. The transformer's iron core is called the primary.
B. The secondary winding is connected to the spark plug wire.
C. The secondary winding of a transformer contains fewer coils of wire than the primary winding.
D. A transformer will only be found in an ignition system that's powered by a magneto.

14. When a conductor is moved in a magnetic field, a voltage will be induced on the conductor. However, current won't flow through the conductor unless the conductor is
A. formed into a coil.
B. moved very quickly through the magnetic field.
C. connected in a closed circuit.
D. made of copper.

15. The length of the metal threads at the end of a spark plug is called the
A. reach.
B. insulator.
C. ground.
D. shell.

16. A safety interlock module operates by monitoring the voltage from the
A. capacitor.
B. ignition coil.
C. power source.
D. magneto.

17. The flywheel and the crankshaft are held together in alignment by the
A. magneto.
B. flywheel key.
C. armature coil.
D. cylinder head.

18. The magneto air gap is a precision measurement that's taken between the
A. edge of the flywheel and the ignition coil armature.
B. spark plug terminal and the ignition coil.
C. two breaker point contacts.
D. center electrode and the grounding electrode of a spark plug.

19. The terminals of a diode are called the
A. gate, the anode, and the cathode.
B. emitter, the collector, and the base.
C. primary and the secondary.
D. anode and the cathode.

20. Which of the following statements about electronic ignition modules is correct?
A. Because electronic ignition modules contain so many moving parts, they tend to wear out very quickly.
B. Electronic ignition modules are easily damaged by moisture, oil, and dirt.
C. Most electronic ignition modules have long life spans and don't require any adjustments.
D. Electronic ignition modules are very expensive, so they're usually repaired rather than replaced.

1. Two pinions of a gear system driven by the same worm will rotate
A. in the same direction as the worm.
B. at right angles to each other.
C. at a higher speed than the worm.
D. in opposite directions.

2. If the driven shaft and the drive are at the same angle but turn in opposite directions, the gearing system is called a
A. worm drive.
B. chain drive.
C. gear and pinion drive.
D. belt drive.

3. When a resistor and capacitor are placed in series, the circuit which results forms a(n)
A. RC time constant.
B. filter.
C. transistor supply.
D. IC regulator.

4. Reciprocating motion in an appliance is obtained from a rotating motor shaft with the aid of
A. a worm and a gear.
B. two gears and a pinion.
C. a counterweight on the gear.
D. an eccentric stud on the gear.

5. Why does an electric knife have a nylon gear and a steel worm?
A. To make the worm last longer
B. To eliminate lubrication of the worm
C. To reduce the load on the worm
D. To make the worm easier to replace

6. Which one of the following lubricants is recommended for use in gearboxes?
A. Light oil
B. Motor oil
C. Cream grease
D. Automobile grease

7. The line cord of a vacuum cleaner must be of the
A. jacketed type.
B. grounded type.
C. cotton-covered type.
D. zip type.

8. What type of speed control system uses a wire-wound potentiometer?
A. SCR
B. TRIAC
C. Free-running oscillator
D. Rheostat

9. If the motor in a geared appliance has a rated speed of 3600 rpm and a gear ratio of 6 to 1, the driven gear will turn at a speed of
A. 600 rpm.
B. 1800 rpm.
C. 3600 rpm.
D. 21,600 rpm.

10. What is the major disadvantage of a free-running oscillator used to trigger an SCR or TRIAC?
A. Limited high-speed operation
B. Limited low-speed operation
C. Excessive motor noise
D. Early motor failure

11. Modern full bag indicators use what type of sensing component?
A. A spring-loaded piston
B. A spring-loaded vane
C. A compression switch
D. A pressure differential switch

12. What is the typical breakover voltage for a DIAC used in an electronic control circuit in which 120 VAC is used with a power output semiconductor device?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 32
D. 70

13. A wet-carpet cleaner that carries its own water supply has water pressure created by a
A. manual valve.
B. solenoid valve.
C. motor-driven pump.
D. faucet mixing valve.

14. What type of device may be used to prevent a food processor's motor from being damaged by excessive current?
A. A potential relay
B. A current relay
C. A centrifugal governor
D. A DIAC

15. Dull blades of an electric knife should be sharpened with
A. an oilstone.
B. a flat file.
C. a bench grinder.
D. a pattern file.

16. What component of a wet/dry vacuum cleaner is not present in a typical canister-style residential cleaner?
A. A high-speed universal motor
B. A single-pole, single-throw ON/OFF switch
C. A blower port for exhaust air
D. A float switch

17. Vacuum strength is rated in terms of
A. rheostat capacity.
B. cm or in. of water lift.
C. horsepower.
D. torque.

18. The purpose of a capacitor unit in a vacuum cleaner is to
A. suppress radio-frequency interference.
B. increase the motor starting torque.
C. reduce the voltage applied to the rectifier.
D. eliminate brush arcing.

19. In what order does the air flow in a canister vacuum cleaner pass through the following components?
A. Motor, filter, fan, and bag
B. Filter, motor, bag and fan
C. Bag, filter, fan, and motor
D. Bag, motor, fan, and filter

20. A vacuum cleaner can operate at two different speeds because it uses two
A. armatures.
B. starting switches.
C. fan blades.
D. field-coil lengths.

21. What is the name of the SCR or TRIAC triggering system that triggers the output device at the same point on each AC cycle?
A. Phase-regulated switching
B. Locked-pulse switching
C. Zero-crossing switching
D. Full-cycle switching

22. Which one of the following statements is TRUE concerning an upright vacuum cleaner?
A. An upright cleaner uses a two-stage filter to prevent motor dirt buildup
B. Upright cleaners are only available in single-speed models
C. Many upright cleaners use a top-fill dust and dirt collection system
D. Upright cleaners use a gear-drive agitator system

23. What would be the most likely cause of an agitator belt showing excessive wear on one side of the belt?
A. Bent drive shaft
B. Dragging agitator bar
C. Improper belt tracking
D. Broken ribs in belt

24. What is the most probable cause of weak suction in a vacuum cleaner if the hose, the bag, and the filter are NOT clogged?
A. Unbalanced fan blades
B. Worn brushes and bearings
C. A shorted armature
D. Leaking gaskets and fittings

25. Why is mechanical feedback of motor speed needed in some large food processors?
A. To prevent motor runaway to an unsafe speed
B. To reduce the overall cost of the appliance
C. To prevent motor stalling in high-torque situations
D. For exact low speed operation without clogging

2)Please do include the details as to why does spark devlop wn connection at one end is loose. 3)How the +ve electrode retains itz polarity though it accepts the electrons continuously, in a closed circuit.

1- why the chacis of electrical panels are grounded

2- how the common is also grounded ,will it not initiate short circuit if some positive is grounded in dc circuit

3-what is floating ground and where it is used

4-where isolated ground iis used