my sir have given me a project to make "under over voltage cutout". but use of ICs are not allowed. i have search on internet about it but i failed to find out the circuit diagram of my project without ICs.

plz some one can give me the web link or help me to Design my circuit.
thank you.

I have a good collection of radio transistor circuit books,original card document circuits of radio,trs.,tape recorders, reference manuals of trs.,valves. some instruments of repairing setup in working order.
I want to sell them if anybody really interested and if they are of some use to him.How can i approach to him.?
mostely the circuits are of old and antique radios and all.
thanking you.

When electric current is flowing in a circuit, if the voltage applied to the circuit is increased,
A. the resistance will increase.
B. the current will increase.
C. the resistance will decrease.
D. the current will decrease.

2. Which of the following information sources will not be directly affected by the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
A. Telephone services
B. The Internet
C. Newspaper publishing
D. Cable television

3. Porcelain, paper, glass, and rubber are all examples of electrical
A. conductors.
B. batteries.
C. insulators.
D. grounds.

4. A testing instrument that an electronics technician will connect to selected points inside a piece of electronic equipment and measure electrical values such as ohms, volts, and amperes is called
A. a signal generator.
B. a power supply.
C. an oscilloscope.
D. a multimeter.

FIGURE A-1—Use this illustration to answer Question 5.

5. Look at the four schematic symbols shown in Figure A-1. Each of the symbols is labeled with a number. Which of the following statements about these symbols is correct?
A. Symbol 1 represents a diode, symbol 2 represents a resistor, symbol 3 represents an LED, and symbol 4 represents a transistor.
B. Symbol 1 represents a diode, symbol 2 represents an LED, symbol 3 represents a transistor, and symbol 4 represents a resistor.
C. Symbol 1 represents a transistor, symbol 2 represents a resistor, symbol 3 represents an LED, and symbol 4 represents a diode.
D. Symbol 1 represents a transistor, symbol 2 represents a diode, symbol 3 represents a resistor, and symbol 4 represents an LED.

6. Which of the following is a correct definition of the term rectification?
A. Rectification is the opposition to current flow in a circuit.
B. Rectification involves sensing an electrical quantity and converting it to a signal.
C. Rectification is the conversion of AC current to DC current.
D. Rectification refers to the connection of components into a circuit.

FIGURE A-2—Use this illustration to answer
Questions 7–10.

7. Look at the simple circuit illustrated in Figure A-2. What will happen when only switch S1 is closed?
A. The light bulb will light up.
B. Current will flow in the circuit.
C. The resistance of the circuit will increase.
D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won’t light up.

8. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, what will happen when switches S1 and S3 are both closed?
A. The light bulb will light up.
B. Current will flow in the circuit.
C. The resistance of the circuit will increase.
D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won’t light up.

9. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, what will happen when switches S2 and S3 are both closed?
A. The light bulb will light up.
B. Current will flow in the circuit.
C. The resistance of the circuit will increase.
D. Nothing will happen—the light bulb won’t light up.

10. In the circuit shown in Figure A-2, which switches must be closed in order for the light bulb to light up?
A. Only switch S1 needs to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up.
B. Only switches S1 and S2 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up.
C. Only switches S1 and S3 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up.
D. Only switches S2 and S3 need to be closed in order for the light bulb to light up.

11. At a job interview, the most effective way to prove your proficiency to a prospective employer is to show that you have
A. membership in several professional organizations.
B. certification as an electronics technician.
C. experience with on-line research.
D. your own test equipment.

12. Which one of the following letters is used as an abbreviation when representing a unit of electric current?
A. E
B. R
C. C
D. A

FIGURE A-3—Use this illustration to answer Question 13.

13. Safety is a concern around electronic equipment of all types. When you see the sign and the symbol shown in Figure A-3, what particular safety hazard may exist?
A. High voltage
B. Laser light
C. Delicate equipment
D. Radioactivity

14. Which of the following statements about light-emitting diodes is correct?
A. Light-emitting diodes conduct current in either direction in circuits.
B. Light-emitting diodes are used as indicators in circuits.
C. Light-emitting diodes have very short life-spans in circuits.
D. Light-emitting diodes are used as rectifiers in circuits.

15. On a printed circuit board, electronic components will be mounted
A. from the substrate side of the board.
B. from the side of the board that contains the conducting paths.

1) an increase in current,
2) no change in the current flow,
3) the current to stop flowing
4) a decrease in current.

1. If the current through a heater coil is 5 amp and the supply voltage is 120 volts, the coil resistance is
A. 0.04 ohm.
B. 24 ohms.
C. 110 ohms.
D. 575 ohms.

2. The amount of current flowing in a circuit can be measured by
A. an ammeter.
B. a voltmeter.
C. a neon test lamp.
D. an ohmmeter.

3. Which one of the following letters is used in formulas as the symbol for voltage?
A. P
B. W
C. I
D. E

4. The conductors in electrical devices are commonly made of
A. iron.
B. nickel.
C. copper.
D. lead.

5. The energy used by an appliance which operates at 240 volts at 15 amp for 4 hr. is
A. 0.92 kwhr.
B. 3.45 kwhr.
C. 14.4 kwhr.
D. 60.0 kwhr.

6. What is the voltage in a circuit with a resistance of 12 ohms and a current of 20 amp?
A. 0.58 volt
B. 1.74 volts
C. 120 volts
D. 240 volts

7. If an appliance does NOT work at all when you plug it in and turn the switch on, the appliance circuit is
A. shorted.
B. overloaded.
C. leaking.
D. open.

8. To read the line voltage supplied to an appliance, you should connect the voltmeter
A. in series with the power supply.
B. between the grounded wire and the water pipe.
C. across the power supply.
D. between terminals of two adjacent circuit parts.

9. The best method for testing the continuity of each part of an appliance uses
A. a voltmeter.
B. an ammeter.
C. an ohmmeter.
D. a wattmeter.

10. A 2000-watt heater connected to a 120-volt circuit will draw a current of
A. 5.75 amp.
B. 15 amp.
C. 16.67 amp.
D. 23 amp.

11. What type of fault causes an appliance to blow a fuse when the appliance is turned on?
A. An open circuit
B. Too much resistance
C. A short circuit
D. Too high a voltage

12. Which one of the following conditions is unfavorable for the use of an ohmmeter?
A. Voltage is supplied to the appliance
B. The appliance is grounded
C. Moisture is in the insulation
D. The appliance circuit is shorted

13. A series circuit in an appliance consists of
A. several branches carrying independent currents.
B. more than one part connected across the same terminals.
C. several parts connected end to end.
D. more than one path carrying the current.

14. Which one of the following components is used to change an AC voltage to a lower or higher value?
A. Transistor
B. Transformer
C. Capacitor
D. Resistor

15. A full-wave bridge rectifier uses how many diodes?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

16. An NPN transistor is correctly biased and turned on if the
A. base is negative.
B. collector is negative.
C. collector is positive with respect to the emitter and negative with respect to the base.
D. collector is the most positive lead followed by the base.

17. When an SCR turns ON, it acts like a(n)
A. transistor.
B. resistor and capacitor in series.
C. electronic switch and rectifier.
D. bridge rectifier.

18. Which one of the following IC digital gates requires a high on both inputs to output a high?
A. AND
B. OR
C. NAND
D. NOR

19. Which one of the following IC gates will have a low output if either of the inputs are high?
A. Buffer
B. NAND
C. NOR
D. OR

20. A microprocessor runs an internal program called a(n)
A. operating system.
B. scratchpad memory.
C. instruction chain.
D. PAL.

21. A resistor with the color bands brown, red, red and silver will have a resistance of
A. 120 ohms.
B. 1,200 ohms.
C. 2,100 ohms.
D. 6,400 ohms.

22. What type of diagram chart in a service manual can be used to easily service an electronic circuit board with ICs?
A. Exploded
B. Flowchart
C. Assembly
D. Pictorial

23. An LED display device uses how many segments to create the number 8?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Seven
D. Eight

24. When testing transistors, how much minimum voltage difference should be seen across the base-emitter junction?
A. 0.1 VDC
B. 0.4 VDC
C. 0.6 VDC
D. 0.9 VDC

25. When you are forward-bias testing a diode with a digital VOM, the red test lead should be placed on which lead of the diode?
A. Anode
B. Cathode
C. Emitter
D. Drain

I have a good collection of radio transistor circuit books,original card document circuits of radio,trs.,tape recorders, reference manuals of trs.,valves. some instruments of repairing setup in working order.(all antique) also have one pye radio,36-H.1948 make and one zenith trs. both in working order
I want to sell them if anybody really interested and if they are of some use to him.How can i approach to him.?
mostely the circuits are of old and antique radios and all.
thanking you.

There was a comment going back four week, someone had asked how to fix his own amplifier, in the answer was a comment the he cant get a schematic leaving him open as prey to costly electronic repair tech's. Well as a tech I resent that statement! I never consider my customers as prey, being a tech is how I chose to make my living, I went to school to learn how to repair electronics and use the proper tools. Electronic circuits are dangerous and should not be taken lightly, to allow someone to think it is easy to fix his amplifier is un-responcable. Granted he could have a simple problem, but it should be brought to a person trained to do such work. Just think he may be trying to save a few bucks but in doing so may end up in the hospital or even worse…Dead! Which is worse…you tell me!

I need a controller that will resist the current. For example: Say I have 24 volts, when the lever is all the way back I need it at like 2 volts (or any voltage that I set), then as I push it forward i need it to slowly open up the circuit (increase voltage) until it reaches a max of 20 volts (or any voltage that I set). HELP?

i am electronic student and really hoping that can find diagram for my assignment?Please corporate!!!!!!